Nebulized Liposomal Amphotericin B for Treatment of Pulmonary Infection Caused by Hormographiella aspergillata: Case Report and Literature Review

Invasive fungal infection is a serious complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pulmonary infection due to Hormographiella aspergillata is an uncommon condition associated with a high mortality rate. The susceptibility of H. aspergillata to available antifungal agents is not well established. We report for the first time a case of H. aspergillata lung infection that responded poorly to conventional treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB; 3 mg kg(-1) of body weight per day) with renal damage at higher posology (5 mg kg(-1) of body weight per day), but improved rapidly after addition of nebulized LAmB to intravenous LAmB (3 mg kg(-1) of body weight per day). Successful treatment of our patient using nebulized LAmB would be worth evaluating in cases refractory to standard treatment or when the reference treatment may not be extended due to interaction or side effects.