Birth Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With CL/P in Thailand

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to obtain the birth prevalence of cleft lips and/or cleft palates (CL +/- P) and to identify potential associated risk factors in the population of the Northeast (NE) region of Thailand. Methods: The data were collected from October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, for infant deliveries with nonsyndromic CL +/- P in all hospitals of 4 provinces in the region. Workshops were conducted to establish diagnostic criteria, treatment guidelines, referral systems, data collection, and data reporting. All patients included in this study, including a case (the child born with cleft lip and palate [CLP]) and 2 control cases (2 following children born without CLP in the same hospital), completed a questionnaire regarding demographics, cleft characteristics, and factors of interest such as alcohol intake, smoking, vitamin use, and medication. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio were presented for the magnitude of associations between proposed risk factors and CL +/- P along with 95% CIs. Results: The overall birth prevalence of CL +/- P was 1.93 per 1000 live births. There was a significant difference in percentages of infants with low birth weights (P = .03), family history of CL +/- P (P = .01) in cases than controls. Mothers who took self-medication or a menstrual regulation supplement were more likely to have the child with CL +/- P (P = .01 adjusted). Conclusions: The prevalence of CL +/- P in the NE Thailand was high. Low infant birth weight, family history of CL +/- P, and the use of self-medication or menstrual regulation herbal supplement was significant factors.