Sad and Alone: Social Expectancies for Experiencing Negative Emotions Are Linked to Feelings of Loneliness

被引:32
作者
Bastian, Brock [1 ]
Koval, Peter [2 ,3 ]
Erbas, Yasemin [2 ]
Houben, Marlies [2 ]
Pe, Madeline [2 ]
Kuppens, Peter [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ New S Wales, Sch Psychol, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
[2] Univ Leuven, Dept Psychol, Leuven, Belgium
[3] Australian Catholic Univ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
基金
澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
social appraisal; expectancies; emotion norms; loneliness; depression; CONVERGENCE; RELIABILITY; PREDICTOR; HAPPINESS; BELONG; PEOPLE;
D O I
10.1177/1948550614568682
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Western culture has become obsessed with happiness, while treating negative emotions like sadness, depression, or anxiety as pathological and nonnormative. These salient cultural norms communicate social expectations that people should feel happy and not sad. Previous research has shown that these social expectancies can increase feelings of sadness and reduce well-being. In this study, we examined whether these perceived social pressures might also lead people to feel socially disconnectedlonelywhen they do experience negative emotions? Drawing on a large stratified sample prescreened for depressive symptoms and utilizing both trait measures and moment-to-moment experience sampling over a 7-day period, we found that people who felt more negative emotions and also believe that others in society disapprove of these emotions reported more loneliness. Our data suggest that social pressures to be happy and not sad can make people feel more socially isolated when they do feel sad.
引用
收藏
页码:496 / 503
页数:8
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