Phytochemical rich extract from the spent material generated from Industrial Dashamoola preparation (a medicinal Ayurvedic decoction) with antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential

Dashamoola Arishta (DA), an age-old Ayurvedic formulation, is considered as panacea for inflammation-related ailments. As water is used as the solvent in DA preprations, the active ingredients are not extracted out completely and remain in the spent material (DSM). The phytochemicals extracted from DA and DSMDE using 70% (v/v) ethanol (DA & DSME respectively) were characterized using HPTLC which suggested retentsion of considerable amount of phytochemicals in DSME. Studies on the total phenolic and flavonoid content indicated polyphenol and/or flavonoid-rich matrix. LCMS/MS analysis of DSME confirmed the presence of polyphenols, especially shikimic acid (83.225 mg/g), gallic acid (51.261 mg/g), epicatechin (26.300 mg/g), naringenin (25.054 mg/g) and vanillic acid (14.147 mg/g). The antioxidant potential of DE and DSME evaluated in terms of DPPH (IC50 98.19 & 68.17 mu g/mL), ABTS (IC50 44.2 & 17.8 mu g/mL) and NO (IC50 881 & 738 mu g/mL) assays indicated better activity of DSME. DSME showed better antidiabetic potential as inferred from a-amylase and aglucosidase inhibition assays. The anti-inflammatory capability of DSME was evaluated using protein denaturation assay which showed an IC50 value of 61.17 mu g/mL against 95.04 & 100.12 mu g/mL for DE and aspirin, resepctively. DSME (IC50 of 60.8 mu g/mL) closely contested with aspirin (IC50 of 70.1 mu g/mL) in the proteinase inhibition assay. RAW 264.7 cells subjected to LPS-induced NO production further strengthens the scope of preliminary antioxidant results. Safety of DSME was established by MTT assay in L6 myoblast and RAW 264.7 cells with tolerability reaching up to 500 mu g/mL concentration. The present study indicate the potential of of DSM for further value addition, as a source of bioactives with immense nutraceutical/therapeutic properties.