Outcome in traumatic brain injury. Considered from a neurological viewpoint

Background. There are many studies on the prognosis and mortality for the acute care of traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the first year. Prediction of the long-term outcome after TBI is more difficult, and can be ascribed to indistinct methods and the necessity of taking into account multiple influencing factors. Objective. The main factors that determine the long-term outcome of TBI are described. Materials and Methodes. A summary of the relevant literature and experience of the reintegration of TBI patients are presented. Results. The major factors predicting the long-term outcome of TBI are well-known. They can be measured by International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization and self-reported quality of life, which are important for the prognosis. Returning to work has a particularly positive effect on the quality of life. Conclusions. Environmental factors are most predictive of long-term TBI outcome. The awareness of the interaction of all these factors requires a individualized long-term rehabilitation.