Unveiling mosquito cryptic species and their reproductive isolation

Mosquitoes are major vectors of many infectious pathogens or parasites. Understanding cryptic species and the speciation of disease vectors has important implications for vector management, evolution and host-pathogen and/or host-parasite interactions. Currently, mosquito cryptic species have been reported in many studies, most of which focus on the reproductive isolation of cryptic species and mainly onAnopheles gambiaesensu lato complex. Emerging species within the primary malaria vectorAnopheles gambiaeshow different ecological preferences and significant prezygotic reproductive isolation, whileAedes mariaeandAedes zammitiishow postmating reproductive isolation. However, data reporting the reproductive isolation inCulexandAedes albopictusmosquito cryptic species is absent. The lack of systematic studies leaves many questions open, such as whether cryptic species are more common in particular habitats, latitudes or taxonomic groups; what mosquito cryptic species evolutionary processes bring about reproductive isolation in the absence of morphological differentiation? How does Wolbachia infection affect in mosquitoes' reproductive isolation? In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in the discovery and identification of sibling or cryptic species within mosquito genera.