RETRACTED: Concentration-dependent electrical and thermal conductivity effects on magnetoHydrodynamic Prandtl nanofluid in a divergent-convergent channel: Drug system applications (Retracted article. See FEB, 2023)

In the early era, thermal energy has a significant concern for all investigations that is caused due to its applications in engineering processes. So, this work introduces a new model for electrical and thermal conductivity effects on MagnetoHydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow of Prandtl nanofluid in a nonuniform channel. Electrical and thermal conductivity is considered a nonconstant in the fluid concentration. Double-diffusivity convection, magnetic field, Joule heat, and thermal convection are taken into consideration. A new model is proposed as a system of partial differential equations. Consequently, it simplified to a strong nonlinear flow system of ordinary differential equations. Semi-numerical solutions of velocity, temperature, concentration, and nanoparticle volume fraction were obtained by the adaptive shooting technique. The main concern of obtaining results is that the nonconstant electrical and thermal conductivity increases the effect of Hartmann number on temperature profile than the others that are found in the case of constant electrical and thermal conductivity. The proposed model is thought to improve electronic applications like refrigerators, heat engines, air conditioning, and heat pump.