Temporal variation of floatable plastic particles in the largest Italian river, the Po

We investigated the temporal concentration of floatable plastic particles in the Po river, the largest contributor of freshwater to the Adriatic Sea. Surface waters were sampled in 2019 with a Manta trawl, with almost bimonthly frequency. In total, 5063 plastic particles were collected, 80.6% of which were microplastics (<5 mm). Characterization through FT-IR spectroscopy evidenced 7 polymers, of which polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene accounted for 40.5%, 25.7%, and 14.9%, respectively. The highest plastic concentration was recorded in December (3.47 particles m(-3); 5.89 mg m(-3)), while the lowest in August (0.29 +/- 0.01 particles m(-3); 0.22 +/- 0.08 mg m(-3)). We estimated the annual load of floatable plastic particles carried by the Po river to be 145 tons. Plastic particle load was correlated with the hydraulic regime, and was higher in autumn and spring months.