The phase diagram of the neodymium-bismuth system was constructed based on the data of physicochemical analysis. The Nd2Bi, Nd5Bi3, Nd4Bi3, NdBi, and NdBi2 compounds were found in the system. The Nd2Bi, Nd5Bi3, Nd4Bi3, and NdBi2 compounds are formed by peritectic reactions at 1553 +/- 15, 1723 +/- 15, 1838 +/- 15, and 933 +/- 5 K, respectively. The NdBi compound melts congruently at 2048 +/- 20 K. The mutual solubility of solid components is less than 1 at. %.