Comparative Efficacy of Seven Hand Sanitizers against Murine Norovirus, Feline Calicivirus, and GII.4 Norovirus

被引:115
作者
Park, Geun Woo [1 ]
Barclay, Leslie [1 ]
Macinga, David [2 ]
Charbonneau, Duane [3 ]
Pettigrew, Charles A. [3 ]
Vinje, Jan [1 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
[2] GOJO Ind Inc, Akron, OH 44311 USA
[3] Procter & Gamble Co, Mason, OH 45040 USA
关键词
NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITY; INACTIVATION; DISINFECTION; SURROGATES; OUTBREAKS; SURFACE; CONTAMINATION; ETHANOL;
D O I
10.4315/0362-028X-73.12.2232
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Contaminated hands or inanimate surfaces can act as a source of infection during outbreaks of human norovirus infection. We evaluated the virucidal efficacy of seven hand sanitizers containing various active ingredients, such as ethanol, triclosan, and chlorhexidine, and compared their effectiveness against feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), and a GII.4 norovirus fecal extract. We also tested the efficacy of 50, 70, and 90% of ethanol and isopropanol. Reduction of viral infectivity was measured by plaque assay, and the number of genomic copies was determined with a TaqMan real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. Based on the results of a quantitative suspension test, only one ethanol-based product (72% ethanol, pH 2.9) and one triclosan-based product (0.1% triclosan, pH 3.0) reduced the infectivity of both MNV and FCV (by >2.6 and >= 3.4 log units, respectively). Four of the seven products were effective against either MNV or FCV, whereas chlorhexidine was ineffective against both viruses. For these hand sanitizers, no correlation was found between reduced infectivity and decline of viral RNA. Ethanol and isopropanol concentrations >= 70% reduced the infectivity of MNV by log >= 2.6 log units, whereas 50 and 70% ethanol reduced the infectivity of FCV by >= 2.2 log units after exposure for 5 min. The susceptibility of FCV to low pH and the relative high susceptibility of MNV to alcohols suggest that both surrogate viruses should be considered for in vitro testing of hand sanitizers.
引用
收藏
页码:2232 / 2238
页数:7
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