Electricity consumption, employment and real income in Australia evidence from multivariate Granger causality tests

被引：367

作者：

Narayan, PK ^{[1
]}

Smyth, R ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Monash Univ, Dept Econ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia

来源：

ENERGY POLICY | 2005年 / 33卷 / 09期

关键词：

electricity consumption; causality; bounds test; cointegration;

D O I：

10.1016/j.enpol.2003.11.010

中图分类号：

F [经济];

学科分类号：

02 ;

摘要：

This paper examines the relationship between electricity consumption, employment and real income in Australia within a cointegration and causality framework. We find that electricity consumption, employment and real income are cointegrated and that in the long-run employment and real income Granger cause electricity consumption, while in the short run there is weak unidirectional Granger causality running from income to electricity consumption and from income to employment. (c) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1109 / 1116

页数：8

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