Oxidized phospholipids at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity

Phospholipid oxidation products resemble danger signals, which accumulate under conditions of increased oxidative stress and cell death. They serve as indicators of inflammation-induced tissue damage and have been demonstrated to act as endogenous regulators of the innate immune response. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence highlights the impact oxidized phospholipids exert on the maturation process of dendritic cells, where these molecules mediate both stimulatory and inhibitory effects, thereby influencing decisive steps of the adaptive immune response.