We study conflict between two groups of individuals. Using Schaffer's (1988) concept of evolutionary stability we provide an evolutionary underpinning for in-group altruism combined with spiteful behavior towards members of the rival out-group. We characterize the set of evolutionarily stable combinations of in-group favoritism and out-group spite and find that an increase in in-group altruism can be balanced by a decrease in spiteful behavior towards the out-group. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机构:
Univ Goettingen, Res Ctr Poverty Equ & Growth, Pl Gottinger Sieben 5, D-37073 Gottingen, GermanyUniv Goettingen, Res Ctr Poverty Equ & Growth, Pl Gottinger Sieben 5, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
Ibanez, Marcela
Schaffland, Elke
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World Bank, Dev Impact Evaluat Unit, Secretaria Desenvolvimento Agrario, R Pedro de Queiros 35, BR-60450220 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Goettingen, Res Ctr Poverty Equ & Growth, Pl Gottinger Sieben 5, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
机构:
Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Behav Ecol & Culture, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyHarvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Samuni, Liran
Langergraber, Kevin E.
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机构:
Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
Arizona State Univ, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ 85287 USAHarvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Langergraber, Kevin E.
Surbeck, Martin H.
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Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Behav Ecol & Culture, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyHarvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA