Selective Laser Melting of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Detailed Process Understanding Using Multiphysics Simulation and Experimentation

被引:60
作者
Ansari, Peyman [1 ]
Rehman, Asif Ur [2 ]
Pitir, Fatih [2 ]
Veziroglu, Salih [3 ]
Mishra, Yogendra Kumar [4 ]
Aktas, Oral Cenk [3 ]
Salamci, Metin U. [1 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Gazi Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06570 Ankara, Turkey
[2] Ermaksan Makina Sanayi & Ticaret AS, TR-16065 Bursa, Turkey
[3] Univ Kiel, Fac Engn, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
[4] Univ Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Inst, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, DK-6400 Sonderborg, Denmark
[5] Gazi Univ, Addit Mfg Technol Res Ctr EKTAM, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey
关键词
additive manufacturing; selective laser melting; process parameter; mathematical relationship; 316L austenitic stainless steel; finite element method (FEM); simulation; POWDER-BED FUSION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLUID-FLOW; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; ALLOY; HEAT; SPATTER; TI-47AL-2CR-2NB; PARAMETERS;
D O I
10.3390/met11071076
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
The parameter sets used during the selective laser melting (SLM) process directly affect the final product through the resulting melt-pool temperature. Achieving the optimum set of parameters is usually done experimentally, which is a costly and time-consuming process. Additionally, controlling the deviation of the melt-pool temperature from the specified value during the process ensures that the final product has a homogeneous microstructure. This study proposes a multiphysics numerical model that explores the factors affecting the production of parts in the SLM process and the mathematical relationships between them, using stainless steel 316L powder. The effect of laser power and laser spot diameter on the temperature of the melt-pool at different scanning velocities were studied. Thus, mathematical expressions were obtained to relate process parameters to melt-pool temperature. The resulting mathematical relationships are the basic elements to design a controller to instantly control the melt-pool temperature during the process. In the study, test samples were produced using simulated parameters to validate the simulation approach. Samples produced using simulated parameter sets resulting in temperatures of 2000 K and above had acceptable microstructures. Evaporation defects caused by extreme temperatures, unmelted powder defects due to insufficient temperature, and homogenous microstructures for suitable parameter sets predicted by the simulations were obtained in the experimental results, and the model was validated.
引用
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页数:19
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