Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections managed according to a multidisciplinary standardized approach: risk factors for failure and outcome with and without fluoroquinolones

To describe the outcome and risk factors for treatment failure of 76 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) managed with a curative intent according to a standardized protocol derived from published guidelines. We analysed data from all the cases of GNB-PJI treated surgically over an 8 year period. Treatment failure was defined as persistence or recurrence of PJI signs during follow-up, resulting in additional surgery and/or antibiotic administration or death. Treatment failure within the follow-up period (medianaEuroS=aEuroS2.6 years) was observed in 16 of 76 (21.1%) patients. The failure rate was similar whether the patients were treated with fluoroquinolones in the whole cohort (22.4% versus 16.7%, PaEuroS=aEuroS0.75) and after stratification according to the surgical procedure. The low failure rate observed in patients not receiving fluoroquinolones might be explained by the standardized attitude of maintaining intravenous beta-lactams throughout treatment duration (medianaEuroS=aEuroS90 days). In multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein level a parts per thousand yen175 mg/L was significantly associated with treatment failure (adjusted HRaEuroS=aEuroS7.75, 95% CIaEuroS=aEuroS2.66-22.59, PaEuroS < aEuroS0.0001). Management according to standardized procedures may improve the prognosis of GNB-PJI. Intravenous beta-lactams, continued for 3 months, should be considered an effective alternative to fluoroquinolones.