Lifespan-Balance-Based Energy-Efficient Routing for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks

The rechargeable wireless sensor networks provide efficient data services for many applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), in which the sensors can be recharged continuously. Wireless recharging technology has been widely studied and applied. Reasonable energy allocation and identification of the nodes which need recharging in each round is key to the technology. According to dynamic recharging planning, it is crucial to improve energy efficiency in networks with excellent Quality of Service (QoS). Hence, a lifespan-balance-based energy-efficient routing is proposed. The optimization problem of maximizing recharging payoff is first designed and it is solved by our heuristic algorithm, which enables dynamic adjustment of the ratio of moving time to recharging time according to energy states of nodes. Then the QoS routing based on multi-hop strategy which integrates multiple related factors is designed. Finally, the indicator which contains energy supplement to quantify lifespan is designed. Combined with our QoS routing, the method of lifespan balance based on the global relay range regulation is proposed to maximize the minimum lifespan of all nodes intelligently. The simulation result shows that our algorithm can improve the energy efficiency with excellent QoS in the studied networks and prolong the network lifetime.