Olfaction disorders in patients with pituitary adenoma after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a qualitative study

Background: The olfactory function decline of patients with postoperative pituitary adenoma is a common phenomenon. In order to establish a surgical access to the skull base, the upper turbinate, posterior ethmoid chamber and sphenoid sinus need to be operated. We can objectively understand the patient's nasal situation through the scale during the hospital stay, but we know little about the patient's actual feelings and troubles in the home rehabilitation phase. Methods: A qualitative study based on 15 semi-structured face-to-face interviews in a provincial comprehensive hospital was conducted. Participants were purposively selected until data saturation. Each interview was digitally recorded and lasted from 30 to 45 minutes. A trained and experienced interviewer collected all data. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of six themes were obtained, namely, the patient's perception of symptoms and any accompanying symptoms and signs related to olfactory function decline, negative emotions, decreased appetite, decreased sleep quality, decreased libido, and the need for the continuous care of patients. Conclusions: A widespread occurrence of impaired smell and nasal function in patients with pituitary adenoma after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. It was also noted that nurses should intensify the postoperative nasal care of patients and develop good preventive measures to reduce their postoperative discomfort.