Thermal entropy and exergy efficiency analyses of nanodiamond/water nanofluid flow in a plate heat exchanger

The study is aimed to understand the heat transfer coefficient and thermal entropy generation analyses of plate heat exchanger by using water-based nanodiamond nanofluids. The experiments were conducted in the volume concentration range: 0 <= phi <= 1.0%, the Reynolds number range: 140 <= Re <= 610, the mass flow rate range: 0.05 <= m <= 0.183kg/s, and the Peclet number range from 895.78 <= Pe <= 3882.72, respectively. The effect of Reynolds number, Peclet number and particle volume loadings of nanodiamond nanofluids on heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation has been investigated. Water and nanodiamond nanofluids were considered as hot and cold medium in the plate heat exchanger, respectively, for the experimental study. The study reveals considerable augmentation in heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number with an increase of nanofluid particle loadings. The study showed 32.50%, 55.47%, 35.11%, 22.80%, and 18.93% enhancements in overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, pressure drop and pumping power compared to base fluid at a Reynolds number of 526.37 at phi = 1.0%. Improved effectiveness, number of transfer units and exergy efficiency of 14.41%, 32.81% and 19.72% was observed at phi = 1.0% and at a Reynolds number of 526.37 against base fluid data. The thermal entropy and friction entropy generation was showed decreasing and increasing trends respectively, in the measured particle volume loadings. The Bejan number and entropy generation number demonstrated the roles of heat transfer and friction factor in the entropy generation. From the experimental results a new Nusselt number and friction factor correlations were proposed.