The Relationship between Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Economic Growth and Agricultural Production in Pakistan: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Analysis

被引:26
作者
Ali, Sajjad [1 ]
Li Gucheng [1 ]
Ying, Liu [1 ,2 ]
Ishaq, Muhammad [3 ]
Shah, Tariq [4 ]
机构
[1] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Econ & Management, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China
[2] Yangtze Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Grain Ind, Jingzhou 434025, Peoples R China
[3] Pakistan Agr Res Council, Social Sci Div, Agr Pricing & Trade Policy, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
[4] Univ Swat, Dept Econ & Dev Studies, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 19130, Pakistan
关键词
carbon dioxide emissions; agricultural production; GDP; ARDL bounds test; Granger causality; Pakistan; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT; TIME-SERIES; ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION; WHEAT PRODUCTION; ENERGY; IMPACT; INDUSTRIALIZATION; ADAPTATION; SCENARIO;
D O I
10.3390/en12244644
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
This study aims to explore the casual relationship between agricultural production, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied to examine the relationship between agricultural production, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions using time series data from 1960 to 2014. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) tests are used to check the stationarity of variables. The results show both short-run and long-run relationships between agricultural production, gross domestic product (GDP) and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. From the short-run estimates, it is found that a 1% increase in barley and sorghum production will decrease carbon dioxide emissions by 3% and 4%, respectively. The pairwise Granger causality test shows unidirectional causality of cotton, milled rice, and sorghum production with carbon dioxide emissions. Due to the aforementioned cause, it is essential to manage the effects of carbon dioxide emissions on agricultural production. Appropriate steps are needed to develop agricultural adaptation policies, improve irrigation facilities and introduce high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties of crops to ensure food security in the country.
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页数:23
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