Tung oil, produced from seeds of the rung tree (Vernicia fordii), is a valuable industrial oil. Genetic engineering can improve the oil content, making it more suitable for use in biodiesel, and the pivotal role of DGAT2 in triacylglycerol synthesis has been extensively studied. Our data indicated, however, that DGAT2 expression decreases rapidly during the late period of oil accumulation, which raises the possibility that other key genes might play important roles in triacylglycerol synthesis. Construction of a tung kernel cDNA library and related biochemical analyses was carried out. Notably, F-BOX genes and oleosin-coding genes responsible for oil body structure were the most abundant ESTs in our cDNA library. All the results indicate that F-BOX and oleosin might be actively involved in rung lipid metabolism and serve as additional candidate genes for genetic engineering of the tung tree. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.