Biologically active macromolecules: Extraction strategies, therapeutic potential and biomedical perspective

被引:28
作者
Bilal, Muhammad [1 ]
Iqbal, Hafiz M. N. [2 ]
机构
[1] Huaiyin Inst Technol, Sch Life Sci & Food Engn, Huaian 223003, Peoples R China
[2] Tecnol Monterrey, Sch Engn & Sci, Campus Monterrey,Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
关键词
Bio-active compounds; Extraction techniques; Therapeutic strategies; Biomedical applications; Anticancer; Skin curative; Cardioprotective; Immunomodulatoty; UV-protectant; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES FUCOIDAN; RED ALGA; PROTEIN EXTRACTION; FLUID EXTRACTION; CHLAMYS-FARRERI; DOWN-REGULATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MARINE-ALGAE; PHYTASE;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.037
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Marine biome exhibits an immense essence of excellence and enriched with high-value bioactive compounds of therapeutic and biomedical value. During the past several years, an array of biologically active molecules has been extracted/isolated and purified from numerous sources of marine origin with the aid of distinct techniques and methodologies for newer applications. The growing demand for bioactive molecules with unique functionalities in various industrial divisions, such as therapeutic sectors and biomedical, has endorsed the necessity for highly suitable and standardized strategies to extract these bioactive components using a state-of-the-art and inexpensive measures. This is also because many in practice conventional extraction methodologies suffer from processing limitations and low-yield issues. Besides that, other major issues include (i) decrease efficacy, (ii) excessive energy cost, (iii) low yield, (iv) lower cost-effective ratio, (v) minimal selectivity, (vi) low activity, and (vii) stability, etc. In this context, there is an urgent need for new and robust extraction strategies. The synergies of modem extraction techniques with efficient and novel pretreatment approaches, such as the integration of enzymes, accompanied by conventional extraction processes, should be the utmost goal of current research and development studies. The typical effectivity of the extraction techniques mostly relies on these points, i.e., (i) know-how about the source nature and type, (ii) understanding the structural and compositional profile, (iii) influence of the processing factors, (iv) interplay between the extraction conditions and the end-product, (v) understanding the available functional entities, (vi) reaction chemistry of the extract bioactive compounds, and (vii) effective exploitation of the end-product in the marketplace. Marine biome, among numerous naturally occurring sources, has been appeared an immense essence of excellence to isolate an array of biologically active constituents with medicinal values and related point-of-care applications. Herein, we reviewed the salient information covering various therapeutic potential and biomedical perspectives. Following a brief introduction and marine pharmacognosy, an array of high-value biomolecules of marine origin are discussed with suitable examples. From the robust extraction strategies viewpoint, a part of the review focuses on three techniques, i.e., (1) enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), (2) supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), and (3) microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Each technique is further enriched with processing and workflow environment. The later part of the review is mainly focused on the therapeutic and biomedical perspectives of under-reviewed bioactive compounds or biomolecules. The previous and latest research on the anticancer, skin curative, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory and UV-protectant potentialities of marine-derived biologically active entities have been summarized with suitable examples and related pathways illustrations. Finally, the work is wrapped-up with current research challenges, future aspects, and concluding remarks. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
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页码:1 / 18
页数:18
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