Relationship quality in sport: a systematic quantitative literature review

Research questions Relationship quality research in sport has received increased attention in recent years. A systematic review is needed to synthesise this growing body of scholarship to inform future inquiry. We reviewed the extant literature to ask: when, where and how has previous relationship quality research been conducted? Which sporting relationships and perspectives have been examined? What theories, scales and constructs have been utilised to examine relationship quality? We conclude by outlining critical gaps in knowledge requiring further research consideration. Research methods Sixty-three peer-reviewed journal articles focusing on the examination of relationship quality within organised sport settings were identified for analysis utilising the systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) method. Results and findings Relationship quality studies have been conducted across diverse geographic and sporting contexts; however, a discrepancy exists in the theoretical underpinnings, relationships examined, and methodologies employed. Only a third of papers applied a guiding theory when investigating relationship quality. The majority (75%) of papers limited their investigation to singular dyadic connections from one perspective. Significant gaps in knowledge regarding the relationship quality experienced by several key groups, such as managers, administrators and officials remain under researched. Implications The synthesis provided by the review highlights opportunities to advance knowledge in this emerging research area. Our findings demonstrate that relationship quality research has not yet fully realised the potential of multi-dyad perspectives and diverse theoretical underpinnings contributing to discourse. The scholarly agenda developed through this research will work to advance relationship quality research and assist sport organisation management.