Inhibition of β-adrenergic desensitization by KCa channels in human trachealis

We examined the reduced responsiveness to beta-adrenergic receptor agonists (beta-agonists) after exposure to beta-agonists, and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in isolated human tracheal smooth muscle, using isometric tension records to test the hypothesis that repeated inhalation of beta-agonists leads to reduced responsiveness to beta-agonists. The inhibitory effects of isoproterenol (ISO) on contraction by spasmogens participating in asthma attacks diminished markedly after continuous exposure to ISO (0.0003 to 3 mu M) for 45 min; moreover, when ISO was repeatedly applied for 10 min to tissues precontracted by methacholine every 30 min, the relaxant effects of ISO gradually attenuated after these repeated applications. In contrast, reduced beta-adrenergic relaxation after continuous and repeated exposure to agonists did not occur when tissues were preincubated with 2 mu g/ml mi cholera toxin (CTX), which irreversibly activates guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein (G(s)) coupled with beta-adrenergic receptors, for 6 h. However, the CTX inhibition disappeared in the presence of iberiotoxin, a selective inhibitor of targe conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (K-Ca) channels. Our results demonstrate that continuous and repeated exposure to beta-agonists leads to beta-adrenergic desensitization, and that activation of K-Ca channels by G(s) prevents this desensitization.