Mechanochemical synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles

Mechanochemistry is driven by mechanical energy input, which often alleviates the need for solvents or heating to achieve desired products. Here, the author reviews mechanochemical syntheses of metal-oxide nanoparticles, exploring reaction mechanisms, and contrasting the influence of process parameters on the properties of end products. In the last decades, mechanochemical processing has emerged as a sustainable method for the large-scale production of a variety of nanomaterials. In particular, mechanochemical synthesis can afford well-dispersed metal-oxide nanoparticles, which are used in wide-ranging applications including energy storage and conversion, environmental monitoring, or biomedical uses. This article reviews recent progress in the mechanochemical synthesis of metal-oxide nanoparticles, explores reaction mechanisms, and contrasts the influence of chosen process parameters on the properties of end products. The role of choice of reaction pathway, as well as advantages and limitations compared to other synthesis methods are discussed. A prospect for future development of this synthetic method is proposed.