High-density aligned carbon nanotubes with uniform diameters

A new method was found to synthesize large-area (7 x 15 mm(2)), high-density (higher than 10(9) cm(-2)), aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with uniform diameters on a silica wafer. Ferrocene/melamine mixtures were pyrolyzed through a three-step process in an Ar atmosphere in a single-stage furnace. The structure and composition of the CNTs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). It was found that these nanotubes have uniform outer diameters of about 22 nm and varying lengths from 10 to 40 mum. High-resolution TEM images showed that CNT is composed of graphite-like layers arranged in a stacked-cup-like structure. XPS results showed that the layer covering the tops of the aligned CNTs consists of carbon and iron. The EELS spectrum showed that these tubes are pure carbon.