Consequences of field N2O emissions for the environmental sustainability of plant-based biofuels produced within an organic farming system

被引:25
作者
Carter, Mette S. [1 ]
Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik [1 ]
Heiske, Stefan [1 ]
Jensen, Morten [1 ]
Thomsen, Sune T. [1 ]
Schmidt, Jens E. [1 ]
Johansen, Anders [2 ]
Ambus, Per [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, Biosyst Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
[2] Univ Aarhus, Dept Environm Chem & Microbiol, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
来源
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY | 2012年 / 4卷 / 04期
关键词
bioethanol and; or biogas; carbon sequestration; digestate recycled as fertilizer; emission factor; fossil fuel displacement; grass-clover; methane; nitrous oxide; rye and vetch straw; whole crop maize; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; VICIA-VILLOSA ROTH; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; BIOGAS PRODUCTION; CROP RESIDUES; YIELD; BIOMASS; SLURRY; CLOVER;
D O I
10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01132.x
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
One way of reducing the emissions of fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide (CO2) is to replace fossil fuels with biofuels produced from agricultural biomasses or residuals. However, cultivation of soils results in emission of other greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially nitrous oxide (N2O). Previous studies on biofuel production systems showed that emissions of N2O may counterbalance a substantial part of the global warming reduction, which is achieved by fossil fuel displacement. In this study, we related measured field emissions of N2O to the reduction in fossil fuel-derived CO2, which was obtained when agricultural biomasses were used for biofuel production. The analysis included five organically managed feedstocks (viz. dried straw of sole cropped rye, sole cropped vetch and intercropped ryevetch, as well as fresh grassclover and whole crop maize) and three scenarios for conversion of biomass into biofuel. The scenarios were (i) bioethanol, (ii) biogas and (iii) coproduction of bioethanol and biogas. In the last scenario, the biomass was first used for bioethanol fermentation and subsequently the effluent from this process was utilized for biogas production. The net GHG reduction was calculated as the avoided fossil fuel-derived CO2, where the N2O emission was subtracted. This value did not account for fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions from farm machinery and during conversion processes that turn biomass into biofuel. The greatest net GHG reduction, corresponding to 700800 g CO2 m(-2), was obtained by biogas production or coproduction of bioethanol and biogas on either fresh grassclover or whole crop maize. In contrast, biofuel production based on lignocellulosic crop residues (i.e. rye and vetch straw) provided considerably lower net GHG reductions (=215 g CO2 m(-2)), and even negative numbers sometimes. No GHG benefit was achieved by fertilizing the maize crop because the extra crop yield, and thereby increased biofuel production, was offset by enhanced N2O emissions.
引用
收藏
页码:435 / 452
页数:18
相关论文
共 65 条
[1]   Crop residue management strategies to reduce N-losses - Interaction with crop N supply [J].
Ambus, P ;
Jensen, ES .
COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, 2001, 32 (7-8) :981-996
[2]  
[Anonymous], 2009, OFFICIAL J EUROPEAN, P16
[3]  
Baggs EM, 2000, SOIL USE MANAGE, V16, P82, DOI 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00179.x
[4]   Nitrous oxide emissions, cereal growth, N recovery and soil nitrogen status after ploughing organically managed grass/clover swards [J].
Ball, B. C. ;
Watson, C. A. ;
Crichton, I. .
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT, 2007, 23 (02) :145-155
[5]  
Bjerre AB, 1996, BIOTECHNOL BIOENG, V49, P568, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960305)49:5<568::AID-BIT10>3.3.CO
[6]  
2-4
[7]   Efficient use of reactive nitrogen for cultivation of bioenergy: less is more [J].
Callesen, I. ;
Carter, M. S. ;
Ostergard, H. .
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY, 2011, 3 (02) :171-179
[8]   Biologically fixed N2 as a source for N2O production in a grass-clover mixture, measured by 15N2 [J].
Carter, MS ;
Ambus, P .
NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS, 2006, 74 (01) :13-26
[9]   Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Band-Incorporation of Fertilizer Nitrogen and Swine Manure [J].
Chantigny, Martin H. ;
Rochette, Philippe ;
Angers, Denis A. ;
Bittman, Shabtai ;
Buckley, Katherine ;
Masse, Daniel ;
Belanger, Gilles ;
Eriksen-Hamel, Nikita ;
Gasser, Marc-Olivier .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 2010, 39 (05) :1545-1553
[10]   Emissions of nitrous oxide from arable organic and conventional cropping systems on two soil types [J].
Chirinda, Ngonidzashe ;
Carter, Mette S. ;
Albert, Kristian R. ;
Ambus, Per ;
Olesen, Jorgen E. ;
Porter, John R. ;
Petersen, Soren O. .
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT, 2010, 136 (3-4) :199-208