In-hospital economic burden of anastomotic leakage after colorectal anastomosis surgery: a real-world cost analysis in Italy

Background Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication of colorectal surgery. We aimed to quantify inpatient costs and key cost contributors associated with AL in a single Italian center. Research design and methods Electronic records for adults who had undergone colorectal surgery with anastomosis (January 2015 - December 2016), were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with AL were identified using clinical signs and/or imaging findings and/or intraoperative findings. Available data included patient, clinical, and procedural characteristics, healthcare resource utilization, and inpatient costs. Multivariate models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Results AL occurred in 12.3% of patients (N = 317). Mean adjusted inpatient cost was 108% higher (p < 0.001) for patients with AL versus no AL (euro14,711; 95% CI: 12,113; 17,866 versus euro7,089; 95% CI: 6,623; 7,587). Key cost contributors were ward stay, disposables, operating room, and hospital consultations. Mean losses (reimbursement minus costs) were euro2,041/patient with AL. AL extended mean length of stay by 9 days and increased odds of reoperation and ICU stay (all p < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with AL place considerable economic and resource burden on healthcare systems and hospital reimbursement rates do not cover treatment costs. This study highlights an unmet need for novel techniques to reduce the burden of AL.