Aircraft pushback slot allocation bi-level programming model based on congestion pricing

In order to alleviate the congestion of airport surface, aircraft pushback slot congestion pricing is explored. First, the feasibility of aircraft pushback slot pricing is analysed. Then the Stackelberg game model for aircraft pushback slot allocation is established by combining the congestion pricing with non-cooperation game. By using bi-level programming theory, this game model is further extended to a bi-level programming model. Considering the discretisation of this model, an improved artificial fish algorithm is also designed by improving the fish school behaviour and optimum solution selection criteria. Finally, an example analysis is performed on Xinzheng International Airport. By comparing the simulation result of pushback slot congestion pricing with other strategies, the advantages of the developed model and algorithm are emphasised.