We demonstrate that introducing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) derived from 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane on an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode surface for the device (ITO/SAM/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene]/Ca/Al), can lead to an improvement in maximum device efficiency from 2.0 to 3.9 cd/A and maximum brightness from 33 000 to 34 400 cd/m(2). Such improvement is even better than that with introducing a layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (2.6 cd/A and 16 000 cd/m(2)), which is usually used as a hole transport (or injection) layer. The improvement results from a hole blocking effect and better wetting by converting the ITO surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic provided by the SAM. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.