Long-term functional and quality of life outcomes in laryngectomized patients after successful voice restoration using tracheoesophageal prostheses

Objective: To assess long-term functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes and their predictive factors in laryngectomized patients after successful voice restoration using tracheoesophageal prostheses (TEP). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in alive and disease-free patients at least 1 year after total laryngectomy +/- partial pharyngectomy. Patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core (QLQ-C30) and Head and Neck Cancer (QLQ-H&N35) QoL questionnaires, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The level of dysphagia was evaluated using the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) and the Dysphagia Outcomes and Severity Scale (DOSS). Predictive factors of these clinical outcomes were determined in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 48 patients were included in this study. Long-term QoL and functioning scales scores were all superior to 70%. Main persistent symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, senses, speech and coughing problems. A DOSS score >6, indicating normal/subnormal swallowing function, and a VHI-10 score <= 20, representing light to medium voice disorders, were found in at least 75% of patients. An anxiodepressive disorder (HADS global score > 15) was reported by 15 (31%) patients and represented the main predictor of QoL and voice outcomes. A strong correlation was found between VHI-10 and global QoL scores. Conclusions: After successful voice restoration, laryngectomized patients achieved satisfactory QoL and functional outcomes. Psychological distress was the main determinant of long-term QoL and is therefore of critical importance in the multidisciplinary management of laryngectomized patients.