Discrete variable optimization of plate structures using penalty approaches and approximation concepts

An efficient method is presented for optimum design of plate structures where the design variables can be continuous or discrete. The design variables are sizing variables as well as shape variables. A penalty function is used to achieve the discrete solution. Analytical relations are derived for the initial penalty multipliers. The discrete variable optimization is carried out after the completion of the continuous solution. In both the continuous and discrete optimizations all the structural responses such as forces and displacements are approximated as functions of some intermediate variables. Thus the number of structural analyses is reduced during the optimization process. A number of examples are offered to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.