A short stub-matching 77-GHz-Band driver amplifier with an attenuator compensating temperature dependence of a gain

This paper describes a 77-GHz three-stage driver amplifier integrated with a very compact 4-dB digital attenuator. The attenuator can provide successful suppression in the gain variation of the amplifier according to ambient temperature in practical use. In addition, the amplifier matching fashion using short stubs and series transmission lines helps suppress unwanted transducer gain and return gain in the out-of band of lower than 77 GHz. The amplifier fabricated in pseudomorphic high electron-mobility technology can deliver a gain of 17.9 dB with an input return loss of 21.0 dB and an output return loss of 22.7 dB in the 77-GHz band, while keeping lower than -16.5 dB of gain in the out-of band. Over the temperature range from -20 degrees C to 100 degrees C, the measured results show that a gain variation of less than 2.0 dB is achieved by using the attenuator, while the gain variation without the attenuator is as large as 6.0 dB. The die size is as small as 2.3 x 1.4 mm(2) due to the very compact attenuator of a 0.2 x 0.6 mm(2) occupied area.