Effects of electro-osmotic and double diffusion on nano-blood flow through stenosis and aneurysm of the subclavian artery: numerical simulation

Most computational models assumed that blood flow through the stenosis flow in a straight tube. Actually, arteries or blood vessels are rarely straight conduits and stenosis on bends or curves is not uncommon but occurs in the aorta, subclavian artery, and other curved arteries. Therefore, this paper's mathematical modeling of blood flow was done through curvilinear coordinates. The motivation of this paper is to study the effect of double-diffusion convection through curved artery having stenosis and aneurysm regions, the blood flow is modeled as nano-Bingham Papanastasiou fluid under the influence of the electro-osmotic field. Governing equations of the flow are derived using the mild stenosis approximation and solved numerically using the finite difference method. Velocity, temperature, concentration, nanoparticle volume fraction, flow rate, impedance, and shear stress at the throat of aneurysm and stenosis through curved artery are computed numerically and the results are represented graphically. The flow through straight arteries is included as a special case of curved arteries at k -> infinity. Finally, the flow rate in the straight arteries is more than in curved, but shear stress and impedance are greater in curved than the straight arteries. The blood flow velocity is improved in the presence of the electro-osmotic field.