Expansion of Takayanagi model by interphase characteristics and filler size to approximate the tensile modulus of halloysite-nanotube-filled system

Existing models are unacceptable for the modulus of nanocomposites, because they disregard the interphase section. In the present work, the interphase features (depth and modulus) and halloysite nanotube (HNT) size (radius and length) are added to Takayanagi model to obtain an advanced model for the modulus of HNT-based system. The accuracy of advanced model is examined by the experimented values of modulus for numerous examples and by the clarifying of the impacts of all factors on the modulus of system. The tested facts of modulus for various types of examples certify the approximations of the advanced model. The absence of interphase section improves the nanocomposite's modulus by 8.2%, but the modulus of samples raises by 16.2% at the interphase depth of 20 nm. The interphase modulus of 10 GPa increases the nanocomposite's modulus by 10.5%, while the modulus of system promotes by 12.6% at interphase modulus of 60 GPa. Additionally, HNT radius of 20 nm enhances the modulus of system by 14.5%, but HNT radius of 60 nm negligibly grows the modulus of samples by 9.7%. Accordingly, the deepness and modulus of interphase section straightly control the modulus of system, while HNT radius plays an opposite role in the stiffening. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.