Significant effects of second Kaluza-Klein particles on dark matter physics

We point out that Kaluza-Klein (KK) dark matter physics is drastically affected by second KK particles. In this work various interesting phenomena caused by the second KK modes are discussed. In particular, we reevaluate the annihilation cross section relevant to the thermal relic density of KK dark matter in universal extra dimension models. In these models, the first KK mode of a B boson is a viable dark matter candidate by virtue of KK parity. We demonstrate that the KK dark matter annihilation cross section can be enhanced, compared with the tree-level cross section mediated only by first KK particles. The mass of the first KK mode of the B boson consistent with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observation is increased.