Detection of antimicrobial agents by a specific microbiological method (Eclipse100®) for ewe milk

Drug residues in milk may have public health and technological implications. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess the specific microbiological method for ewe milk (Eclipse 1000) by means of the study of 'false positive' results (specificity), the effect of the preservative acidiol upon specificity and the calculation of the detection limits in comparison with the MRLs set out by the EU. Milk samples used were taken from 80 Manchega ewes every two weeks as of 45 days post-partum until the end of lactation. The animals received no pharmacological treatment throughout lactation. Each milk sample was divided into two aliquots (with or without acidiol). From a total of 508 samples analysed, no 'false positive' results were obtained, although doubtful results were higher in the samples with acidiol (8.9%) than in preservative-free milk samples (0.6%). The detection limits of Eclipse 1000 were calculated for 27 antimicrobial agents. For each drug, eight concentrations were tested on 24 milk samples (192 samples for chemotherapeutics). The detection limits determined by means of logistic regression models were 7 mu g/kg amoxycillin, 5 mu g/kg penicillin 'G', 68 mu g/kg cloxacillin, 28 mu g/kg oxacillin, 86 mu g/kg cefadroxil, 115 mu g/kg cephalexin, 110 mu g/kg cefoperazone, 85 mu g/kg cefuroxime, 3140 mu g/kg gentamicin, 18700 mu g/kg kanamycin, 9100 mu g/kg neomycin, 10100 mu g/kg streptomycin, 750 mu g/kg erythromycin, 18100 mu g/kg spiramycin, 230 mu g/kg tylosin, 5100 mu g/kg ciprofloxacin, 4000 mu g/kg enrofloxacin, 76200 mu g/kg flumequine, 9500 mu g/kg norfofloxacin, 170 mu g/kg sulfadimethoxine, 750 mu g/kg sulfamethazine, 370 mu g/kg sulfanilamide, 250 mu g/kg sulfathiazole, 1500 mu g/kg chlortetracycline, 260 mu g/kg doxycycline, 560 mu g/kg oxytetracycline and 480 mu g/kg tetracycline. It may be concluded that the Eclipse 1000 test did not present 'false positive' results and that the preservative acidiol caused a decrease in specificity of the method. The Eclipse 1000 test is also suitable for detection of residues of beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfadimethoxine and sulfathiazole, as their detection limits are similar to EU-MRLs, whereas the limits for residues of aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones in ewe milk were higher than EU-MRLs. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.