The use of lithic artefacts for making rock art engravings; Observation and analysis of use-wear traces in experimental tools through optical microscopy and SEM

In this paper we present the results of observations made via optical microscopy and SEM of microwear traces on experimental lithic tools used in the replication of rock art engravings. The overall aim of this experimental programme is to generate diagnostic microscopic criteria that could subsequently be used (a) in the identification of archaeological artefacts that have been involved int he production of rock art engravings, and (b) in the inference of the engraving techniques in which they have been used. The methods of replication of engraved figures and lines, and the observation of the microwear traces on the experimental artefacts used are presented. The complementary use of stereo microscope, metallographic microscope with bright field, dark field and laser illumination, and SEM is also discussed. The resulting microwear traces observed on the tools used in the experiment are characterized, and are linked to the two different engraving techniques with which the rock art replication has been carried out.