Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared between lean and overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a 5-year follow-up study

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at the 5-year follow-up after polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis compared between lean and overweight/obese groups. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 400 prediabetes PCOS women who attended our clinic. Participants were divided into either the lean group (body mass index [BMI]: < 23 kg/m(2)) or the overweight/obese group (BMI: >= 23 kg/m(2)). Patient demographic, clinical characteristics, metabolic profiles, and laboratory values were collected and compared between groups at baseline and during follow-up for 5 years. Results At the end of the follow-up, overweight/obese group had a higher risk for developing T2DM than lean group (11.5% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001). Lean group had a lower incidence of hypertension (3% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (35% vs. 53.5%, p < 0.001) than overweight/obese group. The factors found to be independently associated with increased risk for developing T2DM were BMI >= 23 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.075, p = 0.047), non-use of oral combined contraceptive pills (OR: 0.312, p = 0.028), and impaired fasting glucose at baseline (OR: 38.167, p < 0.001). Conclusions Overweight/obese PCOS patients were found to be at significantly higher risk for developing T2DM than lean PCOS patients. Higher BMI, IFG at baseline, and non-use of oral contraceptive pills found to be independent predictors of T2DM in PCOS.