Adult Neurogenesis: A Story Ranging from Controversial New Neurogenic Areas and Human Adult Neurogenesis to Molecular Regulation

被引:40
|
作者
Leal-Galicia, Perla [1 ]
Chavez-Hernandez, Maria Elena [1 ]
Mata, Florencia [1 ]
Mata-Luevanos, Jesus [1 ]
Rodriguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel [1 ,2 ]
Tapia-de-Jesus, Alejandro [1 ]
Buenrostro-Jauregui, Mario Humberto [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Iberoamer Ciudad Mexico, Dept Psicol, Lab Neurociencias, Mexico City 01219, DF, Mexico
[2] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Estudios Super Iztacala, Lab Neurobiol Alimentac, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
关键词
adult neurogenesis; subventricular zone; striatum; hippocampus; habenula; cerebellum; substantia nigra; hypothalamus; neurotrophin; microRNA; NEURAL STEM-CELLS; NEWLY GENERATED NEURONS; DE-NOVO NEUROGENESIS; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; DENTATE GYRUS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PROGENITOR CELLS;
D O I
10.3390/ijms222111489
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The generation of new neurons in the adult brain is a currently accepted phenomenon. Over the past few decades, the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been described as the two main neurogenic niches. Neurogenic niches generate new neurons through an asymmetric division process involving several developmental steps. This process occurs throughout life in several species, including humans. These new neurons possess unique properties that contribute to the local circuitry. Despite several efforts, no other neurogenic zones have been observed in many years; the lack of observation is probably due to technical issues. However, in recent years, more brain niches have been described, once again breaking the current paradigms. Currently, a debate in the scientific community about new neurogenic areas of the brain, namely, human adult neurogenesis, is ongoing. Thus, several open questions regarding new neurogenic niches, as well as this phenomenon in adult humans, their functional relevance, and their mechanisms, remain to be answered. In this review, we discuss the literature and provide a compressive overview of the known neurogenic zones, traditional zones, and newly described zones. Additionally, we will review the regulatory roles of some molecular mechanisms, such as miRNAs, neurotrophic factors, and neurotrophins. We also join the debate on human adult neurogenesis, and we will identify similarities and differences in the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding these interesting topics.
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页数:40
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