Associations between air pollution and socioeconomic characteristics, ethnicity and age profile of neighbourhoods in England and the Netherlands

被引:145
作者
Fecht, Daniela [1 ]
Fischer, Paul [2 ]
Fortunato, Lea [1 ]
Hoek, Gerard [3 ]
de Hoogh, Kees [1 ]
Marra, Marten [2 ]
Kruize, Hanneke [2 ]
Vienneau, Danielle [1 ]
Beelen, Rob [3 ]
Hansell, Anna [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, MRC PHE Ctr Environm & Hlth, UK Small Area Hlth Stat Unit, London W2 1PG, England
[2] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Ctr Sustainabil Environm & Hlth, NL-3721 Bilthoven, Netherlands
[3] Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci IRAS, NL-3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands
[4] Imperial Coll Healthcare NHS Trust, London, England
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
Environmental justice; Deprivation; Socioeconomic status; Ethnic inequity; Air pollution; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ANALYSIS; HEALTH INEQUALITIES; TIME-SERIES; EQUITY; MORTALITY; QUALITY; CANADA; CALIFORNIA; INEQUITY; EXPOSURE;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.014
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Air pollution levels are generally believed to be higher in deprived areas but associations are complex especially between sensitive population subgroups. We explore air pollution inequalities at national, regional and city level in England and the Netherlands comparing particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and publicly available population characteristics (deprivation, ethnicity, proportion of children and elderly). We saw higher concentrations in the most deprived 20% of neighbourhoods in England (1.5 mu g/m(3) higher PM10 and 4.4 mu g/m(3) NO2). Concentrations in both countries were higher in neighbourhoods with >20% non-White (England: 3.0 mu g/m(3) higher PM-p) and 10.1 mu g/m(3) NO2; the Netherlands: 1.1 mu g/m(3) higher PM10 and 4.5 mu g/m(3) NO2) after adjustment for urbanisation and other variables. Associations for some areas differed from the national results. Air pollution inequalities were mainly an urban problem suggesting measures to reduce environmental air pollution inequality should include a focus on city transport. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:201 / 210
页数:10
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