Driving factors behind the eutrophication signal in understorey plant communities of deciduous temperate forests

被引:250
作者
Verheyen, Kris [1 ]
Baeten, Lander [1 ]
De Frenne, Pieter [1 ]
Bernhardt-Roemermann, Markus [2 ]
Brunet, Jorg [3 ]
Cornelis, Johnny [4 ]
Decocq, Guillaume [5 ]
Dierschke, Hartmut [6 ]
Eriksson, Ove [7 ]
Hedl, Radim [8 ]
Heinken, Thilo [9 ]
Hermy, Martin [10 ]
Hommel, Patrick [11 ]
Kirby, Keith [13 ]
Naaf, Tobias [12 ]
Peterken, George [14 ]
Petrik, Petr [15 ]
Pfadenhauer, Joerg [16 ]
Van Calster, Hans [17 ]
Walther, Gian-Reto [18 ]
Wulf, Monika [12 ]
Verstraeten, Gorik [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Ghent, Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, BE-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium
[2] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Dept Ecol & Geobot, Inst Ecol Evolut & Div, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
[3] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, So Swedish Forest Res Ctr, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden
[4] Agcy Nat & Forests, BE-1000 Brussels, Belgium
[5] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, Res Unit Dynam Syst Anthropises JE 2532, Plant Biodivers Lab, FR-80037 Amiens, France
[6] Univ Gottingen, Dept Vegetat & Phytodivers Anal, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
[7] Stockholm Univ, Dept Bot, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[8] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Dept Vegetat Ecol, Inst Bot, CZ-65720 Brno, Czech Republic
[9] Univ Potsdam, Dept Biodivers Res Systemat Bot, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
[10] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Div Forest Nat & Landscape, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium
[11] Alterra, Wageningen UR, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
[12] Leibniz ZALF eV, Inst Land Use Syst, D-15374 Muncheberg, Germany
[13] Nat England, Peterborough PE1 1UA, Cambs, England
[14] St Briavels Common, Lydney GL15 6SL, England
[15] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Dept Geobot, Inst Bot, CZ-25243 Pruhonice, Czech Republic
[16] Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Renaturierungsokol, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
[17] Res Inst Nat & Forest, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
[18] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
基金
比利时弗兰德研究基金会;
关键词
atmospheric deposition; determinants of plant community diversity and structure; Ellenberg indicator values; forest herbs; forest management; large herbivores; north-western Europe; resurveys; (semi-)permanent plots; COPPICE-WITH-STANDARDS; ELLENBERG INDICATOR VALUES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LEAF-LITTER; SPECIES RICHNESS; GROUND VEGETATION; LAYER VEGETATION; HERBACEOUS LAYER; SOIL ACIDITY;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01928.x
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
1. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to change forest understorey plant community composition and diversity, but results of experimental addition studies and observational studies are not yet conclusive. A shortcoming of observational studies, which are generally based on resurveys or sampling along large deposition gradients, is the occurrence of temporal or spatial confounding factors. 2. We were able to assess the contribution of N deposition versus other ecological drivers on forest understorey plant communities by combining a temporal and spatial approach. Data from 1205 (semi-)permanent vegetation plots taken from 23 rigorously selected understorey resurvey studies along a large deposition gradient across deciduous temperate forest in Europe were compiled and related to various local and regional driving factors, including the rate of atmospheric N deposition, the change in large herbivore densities and the change in canopy cover and composition. 3. Although no directional change in species richness occurred, there was considerable floristic turnover in the understorey plant community and a shift in species composition towards more shade-tolerant and nutrient-demanding species. However, atmospheric N deposition was not important in explaining the observed eutrophication signal. This signal seemed mainly related to a shift towards a denser canopy cover and a changed canopy species composition with a higher share of species with more easily decomposed litter. 4. Synthesis. Our multi-site approach clearly demonstrates that one should be cautious when drawing conclusions about the impact of atmospheric N deposition based on the interpretation of plant community shifts in single sites or regions due to other, concurrent, ecological changes. Even though the effects of chronically increased N deposition on the forest plant communities are apparently obscured by the effects of canopy changes, the accumulated N might still have a significant impact. However, more research is needed to assess whether this N time bomb will indeed explode when canopies will open up again.
引用
收藏
页码:352 / 365
页数:14
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