U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art

被引：303

作者：

Hoffmann, D. L. ^{[1
]}

Standish, C. D. ^{[2
]}

Garcia-Diez, M. ^{[3
]}

Pettitt, P. B. ^{[4
]}

Milton, J. A. ^{[5
]}

Zilhao, J. ^{[6
,7
,8
]}

Alcolea-Gonzalez, J. J. ^{[9
]}

Cantalejo-Duarte, P. ^{[10
]}

Collado, H. ^{[11
]}

de Balbin, R. ^{[9
]}

Lorblanchet, M. ^{[12
]}

Ramos-Munoz, J. ^{[13
]}

Weniger, G. -Ch. ^{[14
,15
]}

Pike, A. W. G. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, Deutsch Pl 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany

[2] Univ Southampton, Dept Archaeol, Ave Campus,Highfield Rd, Southampton SO17 1BF, Hants, England

[3] Univ Isabel I, Fac Humanities & Social Sci, Calle Fernan Gonzalez 76, Burgos 09003, Spain

[4] Univ Durham, Dept Archaeol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England

[5] Univ Southampton, Ocean & Earth Sci, Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Waterfront Campus,European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England

[6] Univ Barcelona, Dept Hist & Arqueol SERP, Carrer Montalegre 6, Barcelona 08001, Spain

[7] ICREA, Passeig Lluis Co 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain

[8] Univ Lisboa UNIARQ, Ctr Arqueol, Fac Letras, P-1600214 Lisbon, Portugal

[9] Univ Alcala de Henares, Prehist Sect, Calle Colegios 2, Madrid, Spain

[10] Ctr Prehist Cueva Ardales, Ave Malaga 1, Malaga 29550, Spain

[11] Junta Extremadura, DG Bibliotecas Museos & Patrimonio Cultural, I PAT Res Grp, Quaternary Prehist Res Grp, Plasencia, Spain

[12] CNRS, Roc Monges, F-46200 St Sozy, France

[13] Univ Cadiz, Dept Hist Geog & Filosofia, Ave Gomez Ulla S-N, Cadiz, Spain

[14] Neanderthal Museum, Talstr 300, D-40822 Mettmann, Germany

[15] Univ Cologne, Inst Prehist, Cologne, Germany

来源：

SCIENCE | 2018年 / 359卷 / 6378期

基金：

英国自然环境研究理事会;

关键词：

BLOMBOS CAVE; EL CASTILLO; CHRONOLOGY; CANTABRIA; TAPHONOMY; STENCILS;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aap7778

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

The extent and nature of symbolic behavior among Neandertals are obscure. Although evidence for Neandertal body ornamentation has been proposed, all cave painting has been attributed to modern humans. Here we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucia). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship.

引用

页码：912 / +

页数：4

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