Improving engineering characteristics of expansive soils using industry waste as a sustainable application for reuse of bagasse ash

Bagasse ash (BA) is an abundant industrial waste of the sugar-cane refining industry, and its improper disposal can result in a detrimental impact on the environment. In this investigation, BA is considered to assess the possible advantages of its pozzolanic component as a novel sustainable waste application for stabilisation of expansive soils. The engineering characteristics of expansive soils were investigated through an array of laboratory experiments on treated and untreated soil specimens mixed with various contents of additive and cured for different times. A comprehensive investigation of the microstructure evolution of soils after treatment was also undertaken using Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results revealed that addition of BA, lime, and in particular, combined BA-lime (BAL) remarkably improved the maximum strength (815%), the bearing capacity (9.2 times), the compressibility (83%), and the 100% swell properties of stabilised soils due to rich amorphous silica properties of BA waste that promoted higher pozzolanic reactivities of BAL-soil-mixtures and therefore, enhanced the engineering characteristics of treated soils. The findings showed that a proper combination of bagasse ash waste and lime, as a stabilising additive, can effectively enhance the engineering properties of expansive soil while addressing the environmental impact of BA waste disposal. The industrial waste (BA) can be reused as a cost-effective and green construction material for the benefit of sustainable development of civil infrastructure.