Effect of topical application of diclofenac liposomal suspension on experimentally induced subcutaneous inflammation in horses

Objective-To determine whether 1% diclofenac liposomal suspension (DLS) ointment would be absorbed transdermally and attenuate experimentally induced subcutaneous inflammation in horses. Animals-7 healthy adult horses Procedure-Inflammation was produced by injecting 1% sterile carrageenan into subcutaneously implanted tissue cages 8 hours before (time -8) and at the time of application of test ointment. A crossover design was used. Horses received 1 of 2 treatments (topically administered control or DLS ointments) during 48 hours of carrageenan-induced subcutaneous inflammation. A single application of test ointment (72 g) was applied over each tissue cage (time 0). Samples of transudate and blood were collected at -8, 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours. Plasma and transudate diclofenac concentrations were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Transudate concentrations of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) were determined with a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Results-DLS was absorbed transdermally. The highest concentration (mean SEM, 76.2 +/- 29 ng/mL) was detectable in tissue-cage fluid within 18 hours after application. Minimal concentrations of diclofenac were detectable in plasma. Application of DLS significantly decreased transudate concentrations of PGE2 at 6 and 30 hours. Decreases in PGE(2) concentration were observed in the DLS group at all collection times. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A single topical application of DLS resulted in concentrations of diclofenac in transudate within 6 hours and significantly attenuated carrageenan-induced local production of PGE(2). Results of this study suggest that DLS is readily absorbed transdermally and may be efficacious for reducing subcutaneous inflammation in horses.