Major neurological events following foam sclerotherapy

Aim: This report describes two complications of severe neurologic alterations (TIA, CVA) after foamed sclerotherapy injection. Methods: Using foam sclerotherapy in accepted concentrations, volume, and in standard ratio of air to sclerosant, two serious neurologic complications occurred. Results: In both cases described, unknown atrial communications existed resulting in foam emboli. One case involving the vertebral system resolved without treatment. The other involving the cerebral system was treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy can cause serious neurologic phenomenon even though the incidence is rarely described. Immediate treatment with 100% O2 and possible hyperbaric O2 therapy should be considered.