The Strength-Grain Size Relationship in Ultrafine-Grained Metals

被引:77
作者
Balasubramanian, N. [1 ,2 ]
Langdon, Terence G. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[2] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
来源
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE | 2016年 / 47A卷 / 12期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STRAIN-RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERPLASTICITY; HALL-PETCH RELATIONSHIP; CHANNEL-ANGULAR EXTRUSION; AZ91 MAGNESIUM ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; PURE TITANIUM;
D O I
10.1007/s11661-016-3499-2
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
Metals processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques, such as equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT), generally have submicrometer grain sizes. Consequently, they exhibit high strength as expected on the basis of the Hall-Petch (H-P) relationship. Examples of this behavior are discussed using experimental data for Ti, Al, and Ni. These materials typically have grain sizes greater than similar to 50 nm where softening is not expected. An increase in strength is usually accompanied by a decrease in ductility. However, both high strength and high ductility may be achieved simultaneously by imposing high strain to obtain ultrafine-grain sizes and high fractions of high-angle grain boundaries. This facilitates grain boundary sliding, and an example is presented for a cast Al-7 pct Si alloy processed by HPT. In some materials, SPD may result in a weakening even with a very fine grain size, and this is due to microstructural changes during processing. Examples are presented for an Al-7034 alloy processed by ECAP and a Zn-22 pct Al alloy processed by HPT. In some SPD-processed materials, it is possible that grain boundary segregation and other features are present leading to higher strengths than predicted by the H-P relationship.
引用
收藏
页码:5827 / 5838
页数:12
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