Henri Lefevbre's second life. The real utopia of the right to the city in contemporary Poland

The category of the right to the city, conceptualized over five decades ago by the French Marxist philosopher and sociologist Henri Lefebvre, is currently experiencing its second life. It has become a significant political slogan, which - in its counter-hegemonic aspirations towards social change and transgressing the existing order, primarily in the fight against the reality of neoliberal urbanization - rallies together various socio-political movements most often defined under the umbrella term of urban social movements. In my analysis of Lefebvrian notions, I utilize the increasingly widespread category of 'real utopia'. Additionally, this real utopia treats the right to the city in epistemological terms: as a peculiar type of knowledge co-produced at the intersection of academia and social activism, which remains a relatively rare interpretation among readers, interpreters and practitioners following Lefebvre. I search for these themes both directly in Lefebvre's work as well as that of his continuators, observing the practices of producing knowledge useful to contemporary Polish right to the city movements.