Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Multimodal imaging relies on combination of multiple imaging modalities to precisely delineate pathological changes in the posterior segment of the eye associated with a wide range of conditions. This combined application of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus reflectance/autofluorescence and fundus angiography (with fluorescein, indocyanine green and/or optical coherence tomography) is of great utility for assessment of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Multimodal imaging is helpful to characterize the typical pattern of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, with primary focal inflammatory involvement of the neurosensory retina, and secondary changes at the level of underlying choroid, retinal blood vessels, vitreous and even optic disc. It may also be valuable to document and follow local complications, including macular edema, vascular occlusions, and choroidal neovascularization, among others.