History-taking level and its influencing factors among nursing undergraduates based on the virtual standardized patient testing results: Cross sectional study

Background: History-taking is an essential skill for nurses. In nursing education, it is necessary to objectively assess history-taking skills in a way that accurately reflects differences among students. Current history-taking evaluation methods lack objectivity, consistency and standardization, which makes it difficult to identify factors that influence history-taking skill. A virtual standardized patient (VSP) can provide history-taking practice with repeatability and consistency. It can make objective and standardized assessment possible by eliminating the subjectivity of different teachers and patients. Purpose: To evaluate the history-taking skills of nursing undergraduates using a VSP, and to explore its independent influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of convenience from 3 universities. All 174 nursing undergraduates had their history-taking level evaluated using one VSP via computer or mobile terminal. For each query raised by the students, the VSP could give a preset response. The responses were assigned corresponding scores according to their importance, with a total score of 100. The students' general demographics were documented, and their self-efficacy, critical thinking and communication skills were measured online with the Nursing History-taking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Yoon's Critical Thinking Disposition Instrument and the Supportive Communicative Scale. Univariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were performed. Results: The mean total history-taking score was 58.53 +/- 14.32. History-taking scores were well discriminated among the students tested, with 10% of the students scoring above 80, 37% between 60 and 80, 22% between 50 and 60 and 31% scored below 50. The history-taking level of the nursing students was significantly associated with ethnicity, previous academic performance, and Supportive Communicative Scale scores. Conclusions: Using the VSP as a history-taking assessment method is an effective way to achieve a relatively objective, standardized and consistent assessment of history-taking education. Ethnicity, previous academic performance and supportive communication skills independently influenced the students' history-taking level. Mature history-taking skills require not only solid theoretical knowledge but good communication skills.