Environmental factors on visual evaluation scores at weaning of Angus calves raised in the State of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

The objectives of this study were to determine the importance of the effects of age of dam (AoD), sex (S) and age of calf (AC), month of birth (M) and the interaction between age of dam and sex (AoD*S) on visual scores (VS) for weaning conformation (WC), precocity (WP), muscling (WM) and size (WS) of Angus cattle, and to estimate correction factors for these effects. Data from 11,863 calves, controlled by the Beef Cattle Improvement Program (PROMEBO), between 1989 and 1997, were used. The data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. The model included the effects of contemporary group, M, AoD, S, AC (linear and quadratic), AoD*S and the random effect of sire. From the least square means of WC, WP, WM and WS, regression equations for M and AoD*S were estimated. The VS showed response to the effects of AoD, S and AC similar to the weight gain at the weaning phase. The age of calf was the factor responsible for the largest non-genetic variation in VS. Correction factors for AoD, AC and Julian birth date were proposed.